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The Mean Season is a 1985 American crimethriller film directed by Phillip Borsos and stars Kurt Russell, Mariel Hemingway, Richard Jordan, Richard Masur, Joe Pantoliano, Luis Tamayo and Andy García. The screenplay was written by Leon Piedmont, based on the novel In the Heat of the Summer by John Katzenbach.

The film was named after the term of the same name that refers to a pattern of weather that occurs in Florida during the late summer months. In order to achieve accuracy for the scenes that take place in the busy newsroom, the filmmakers used Miami Herald reporters as on-set consultants and extras and shot in the actual newsroom as opposed to recreating it on a soundstage.

Plot[edit]

Malcolm Anderson is a reporter for a Miami newspaper, who is burned out from years of covering the worst crimes in the city. He promises his girlfriend Christine that they will move away from the city, but he ends up covering a series of grisly murders by a serial killer who calls him telling the reporter that he will kill again. The lines between covering the story and becoming part of it are blurred.

Cast[edit]

• Kurt Russell as Malcolm Anderson
• Mariel Hemingway as Christine Connelly
• Richard Jordan as Alan Delour
• Richard Masur as Bill Nolan
• Richard Bradford as Phil Wilson
• Joe Pantoliano as Andy Porter
• Andy García as Ray Martinez
• William Smith as Albert O'Shaughnessy

Production[edit]

Development and writing[edit]

Veteran crime reporter for the Miami Herald newspaper John Katzenbach wrote the novel, In the Heat of the Summer, based on his years of experiences and of stories told to him by fellow reporters he knew. He tried to examine what he described as “the nature of reporting and the ambiguity and ambivalence of the job. There's a fundamental dilemma in, on the one hand, thinking 'How can I intrude on these people at the moment of exquisite agony?' and, on the other hand thinking 'My God, I'm sitting on a terrific story!'”^[2]

Producer David Foster who was also a graduate of the journalism school at the University of Southern California, was given Katzenbach’s manuscript and agreed to bring it to the big screen along with fellow producer Lawrence Turman. The film was named The Mean Season after the term of the same name that refers to a pattern of weather that occurs in Florida during the late summer months. Hot mornings with sticky weather lead into violent thunderstorms that blow in from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico in the afternoon. However, the rain doesn't alleviate the heat and only makes things hotter that evening. This cycle repeats every day for a month.

Foster and director Phillip Borsos spent time studying the way people worked in the Herald. Borsos said, “I wanted to know what goes on at 3 p.m., at 5 p.m. There's a wonderful flow of traffic at different times of the day. Gradually, the room fills up. Later, there's a ferocious attack at the computer terminals. A lot of newspaper movies have 10 people in the background, or 50, but there's always the same level of action. If the script said 3:10 p.m., and the first edition was an hour off the streets, I wanted to know what would be happening.”^[2]

Coincidentally, when Borsos and his crew arrived at the Herald offices in April 1984, Christopher Bernard Wilder, a man suspected of kidnapping and killing several young women, shot himself in a confrontation with the police at a gas station in New Hampshire. Borsos remembers, “it seemed as though there were about 500 reporters in the office, and everybody was going insane.”^[3]

In order to prepare for the role, Kurt Russell followed around veteran Herald crime reporter Edna Buchanan and photographer Tim Chapman. At first, he couldn’t figure out 'how they justify what they do. But I found out that these are very caring people. They may be callous about how they do their jobs, but they're not callous about people. That allowed me, from a reporter's point of view, to have the truth of why Malcolm was able to press on when some people thought he shouldn't.'^[2]Richard Masur prepared for his role as an editor by spending several days at the Herald’s city desk.

In order to achieve accuracy for the scenes that take place in the busy newsroom, Borsos used Herald reporters as on-set consultants and extras. Katzenbach told Foster, “that if he made a film about newspapers it was extremely important not to cut corners when presenting the journalistic aspects.”^[2] To that end, the production shot in the actual Herald newsroom between the hours of 10:30 p.m. and 6:30 a.m. as opposed to recreating it on a soundstage. None of the actual clutter and look of the place was changed for the film. Foster said, “I don't think we could have had the aroma, the feel we had at the Herald. It had a tone, that city room. I had no idea news reporters were that sloppy.”^[2] However, Borsos would have preferred to adopt a more stylized look. He said, “I preferred to have it look somewhat stylized and slightly unreal, more what you would call a 1950's film-noir type of picture. I think making it slightly abstract can be a way of reaching more people. When something is too real, that can almost be a way of limiting you.”^[2] Katzenbach was also a regular on the set as a consultant.

The actual City of Miami Police Department's SWAT Team appeared in a scene where Russell's character enters the house of a victim. Many interiors were also filmed inside the City of Miami Police Department Headquarters as well as the Richard E. Gerstein Criminal Justice Building.

Mean Season Bandcamp

Reception[edit]

Box office[edit]

The Mean Season was released on February 15, 1985 in 876 theaters and grossed USD $1.5 million on its opening weekend. It went on to make $4.3 million in North America.^[4]

Critical response[edit]

In her review for The New York Times, Janet Maslin wrote that the film, 'has a brisk pace and a lot of momentum. It also has a few more surprises than the material needed, since Mr. Borsos, who for the most part works in a tense, streamlined style, likes red herrings.'^[5] Jack Kroll in Newsweek wrote, 'This movie has the weather of Body Heat, the moral stance of Absence of Malice and the perverse plot-angle of Tightrope. It's also not as good as any of these'.^[6] In her review for The Washington Post, Rita Kempley wrote, 'Overall the film seems a little flat, a little stale. The clouds roil and the thunder claps like a gun report'.^[7]

References[edit]

1. ^http://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/MovieDetails/58187
2. ^ ^abcdefGross, Jane (February 10, 1985). 'An Actor Explores the Fourth Estate'. The New York Times.
3. ^Maslin, Janet (February 1, 1985). 'At the Movies'. The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-02-17.
4. ^'The Mean Season'. Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
5. ^Maslin, Janet (February 15, 1985). 'Mean Season, Reporter vs. Murderer'. The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-28.
6. ^Kroll, Jack (February 25, 1985). 'Hot and Bothered'. Newsweek.
7. ^Kempley, Rita (February 15, 1985). 'Open Season On Reporters'. Washington Post.

External links[edit]

• The Mean Season on IMDb
• The Mean Season at AllMovie
• The Mean Season at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Mean Season at Box Office Mojo

Orange walks are a series of parades by members of the Orange Order, held on a regular basis during the summer in Ulster,^[1]Northern Ireland, and in other Commonwealth nations. The parades typically build up to 12 July celebrations marking Prince William of Orange's victory over King James II at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690. Although the term 'march' or 'parade' is widely used in the media, the Order prefers terms such as 'walk' or 'demonstration'. Orange walks have faced opposition from Catholics, Irish nationalists and Scottish nationalists who see the parades as sectarian and triumphalist.

The 'marching season'[edit]

The 'marching season' generally refers to the months April to August in Northern Ireland and includes marches by groups such as the Ancient Order of Hibernians, the Apprentice Boys of Derry, and the Royal Black Institution as well as the Orange Order. The Orange Order is arguably the most active marching group. Typically, each Orange Lodge holds its own march at some time before 12 July, accompanied by at least one marching band. On 12 July each district holds a larger parade consisting of all the lodges in that district, and sometimes including lodges from outside Northern Ireland. This is particularly the case with the Belfast district, whose parade commonly features several Scottish lodges and often some from other countries. In most districts, the parade's location varies from year to year, rotating through suitable towns. Belfast is an exception; it has kept more or less the same route for many decades. The only major parade after the Twelfth is on the last Sunday in October, when lodges celebrate Reformation Day by parading to church.

Some walks commemorate historic events. Most notably, 12 July marches observe the Battle of the Boyne. Marches in Northern Ireland on and around 1 July originally commemorated the participation of the 36th (Ulster) Division in the Battle of the Somme. Since the beginning of the Troubles, most of these parades have evolved into the 'mini Twelfth', and have little obvious connection with World War I.

There are still a few explicitly commemorative parades.^[2] Reformation Day parades honour Martin Luther, who nailed his 95 theses to the church door in Wittenberg, starting the Reformation that brought about the Protestant churches.

Form of parades[edit]

All Orange walks include at least one lodge, with officers. The lodge is almost always accompanied by a marching band, often a flute band, but also fife and drum, silver, brass and accordion bands. Participants range from as few as one lodge, up to dozens of lodges for major events such as the Twelfth. Elderly or infirm lodge members often travel the parade route in vehicles such as black taxis.

In recent decades, it has become much more common for members of ladies' lodges to walk, although men still greatly outnumber them in most parades. Larger walks, especially on the Twelfth, may be headed by a figure on a white horse dressed as William of Orange. A few parades include others in historical fancy dress; or, more rarely, a float, such as that constructed for the 1990 Twelfth celebrations to represent the Mountjoy, the ship which lifted the Siege of Derry.

Regalia and accessories[edit]

Parading Orangemen usually wear dark suits. Some Orangemen wear bowler hats and walk with umbrellas, although it is not mandatory. Walkers wear V-shaped orange collarettes (often inaccurately referred to as sashes) bearing the number of their lodge, and often badges showing degrees awarded within the institution, and positions held in the lodge. Some lodge officers also wear elaborate cuffs, and many walkers wear white gloves, although has become less common. Most lodges carry at least one flag, most commonly the Union Flag. Other common flags include the Ulster Banner, the Flag of Scotland and the Orange Order flag. Lodges also usually carry a banner with the lodge's name and number, and usually depicting William of Orange on at least one side. Other popular banner subjects include deceased lodge members, local landmarks, and the Bible with a Crown.

Bands[edit]

Typically, there is one band per lodge. Some bands have formal connections with the lodge, but in most cases it is simply hired for the day. Bands and lodges pair up by word of mouth, through the band or lodge advertising in Protestant publications such as the Orange Standard Spice world streaming. , or as a result of a lodge member hearing the recordings many bands produce. Most bands have a strongly Protestant ethos and display bannerettes and flags associated with loyalism, and in some cases, paramilitary groups. Many are associated with or named after Protestant areas such as the Shankill Road in Belfast, although the number of 'Shankill Road' bands suggest that many of their members must also be from elsewhere. In 1985, concerned that some bands' behaviour was bringing the Order into disrepute, the Grand Orange Lodge instituted a system of contracts requiring bands to behave appropriately. According to writer and former Orangeman Brian Kennaway, the contracts have been largely ineffective, mostly because of the Order's reluctance to enforce them.^[3]

Controversy[edit]

Throughout the history of the Orange Order, Orange walks have faced opposition, both from Catholics and nationalists, who have seen them as sectarian and triumphalist; and from the general public, due to inconvenience and controversies associated with them. Although many nationalists find the parades offensive, conflict usually arises only when a walk passes through or near a Catholic-dominated area. During The Troubles, many marchers were verbally abused, had objects thrown at them, and were involved in abusing onlookers, something walkers following the march still do today^[4]. The marching season requires a significant police presence to avert violence. In the early 1970s, parading was banned on several occasions, although never on 12 July.^[5]

Currently, of the more than 2000 annual parades in Northern Ireland, only a handful are considered majorly contentious. The best known is the Drumcree conflict. The Drumcree area, near Portadown has a history of parading disputes going back to the 19th century. The current dispute centres on the refusal of the Parades Commission to allow the Portadown lodge through the Catholic Garvaghy Road during their annual celebrations in early July.^[6] The conflict led to severe rioting in the late 1990s, but the area has been relatively calm in recent years.

Parade opponents in Drumcree and elsewhere have put forward several arguments against the parades: Play atari games online.

• That they are sectarian regardless of their route
• That they celebrate the defeat of Irish Catholicism
• That when they go through Catholic areas, they are particularly insulting and triumphalist
• That they cause serious inconvenience to residents, as roads must be closed and, in particularly contentious areas, access to the roads denied

Mean Season Band

One observer has even argued that the Orange Institution and its demonstrations deny Nationalists and Catholics their human rights.^[7]

The Orange Order and its supporters have countered that:

• The parades are not sectarian, and that any sectarian activity or violence is perpetuated by outsiders and 'hangers-on' over whom the Order has no control
• That inconvenience is caused mostly by the need for police to protect marchers from the violence of their opponents
• That the disputes are not actually about parading, but are a way for republicans to attack Protestantism.

They have also argued that they have a fundamental 'right to march'—that any group should be able to walk down 'the Queen's highway' without interference. In practice, however, the Order has tended to oppose marches by republicans and other 'disloyal' groups on the grounds that there is no right to parade sedition.

The Order has a policy of non-negotiation with residents' groups, as it believes they are dominated by Sinn Féin and do not represent residents' actual opinions.^[8]

In a 2011 survey of Orangemen throughout Northern Ireland, 58% said they should be allowed to march through nationalist areas with no restrictions, and 20% said they should negotiate with residents first.^[9]

Walks outside of Northern Ireland[edit]

Orange walks were once common throughout Ireland, especially on 12 July. Since partition, those in the Republic of Ireland have dwindled in number, due to local antagonism and the decline of the Protestant population of the Republic. The last walk in Dublin was in 1937, and the only remaining walk in the Republic takes place at Rossnowlagh, County Donegal, near the border with Northern Ireland. A march organised by Love Ulster, a unionist group inspired by the Orange Order, was scheduled to be held in Dublin in 2006; however, the march was canceled when rioting broke out before it began.

Orange walks continue across Scotland, but they are concentrated in Glasgow, Edinburgh Lanarkshire, Ayrshire, Renfrewshire and West Lothian.^[10]

In 2003, a survey of 1,029 Scottish people revealed that 53% were either in favour or strongly in favour of banning Orange Walks, and 24% opposed banning them. Of these respondents, Catholics were more likely than Protestants to say that Orange Walks should be banned (66% and 39%, respectively).^[11]

It is accepted that events such as national days are marked by parades by other organisations, religious and otherwise, such as the Scouts and the Boys' Brigade—but apart from one-off anniversaries such as centenaries, that tends to be the limit of such activity. This is in stark contrast to Orange Walks which—in some areas of Glasgow—can be seen and heard almost every day during parts of the summer months. Consequently, and also due to disproportionate costs, initiatives have been introduced to the Glasgow City Council to restrict the number of marches.^[12]

This disconnect between the frequency of Orange walks and wider societal norms has caused the walks to be more broadly criticised as incitements to hatred and violence.^[13] The Grand Orange Lodge of Scotland has supported police moves to fine spectators for sectarian activity.^[14] Grand Master Ian Wilson has said: 'All the effort that has gone into defending our interests can be destroyed by the stupidity of the few'.^[13]

Marches were common in Australia at the turn of the 20th century. The Kalgoorlie and Boulder marches in the 1890s and 1900s attracted conflict between Catholics and Protestant marchers. An increase in membership in recent years has seen a revival of the Orange Order in Australia, and an annual Twelfth of July parade is currently held in Adelaide.^[15] In New Zealand, walks continued until at least the 1920s, but no longer take place.^[16]

In Canada, Orange Walks on 12 July were once large public occasions, particularly in the provinces of Ontario and Newfoundland that have a strong Loyalist heritage dating from the time of the American Revolution. Toronto's Orange Parade has been held annually since 1821,^[17][18] but its turnout has dwindled in recent decades. Some parades continue to be held in other parts of Canada. Orange walks have occurred in Liverpool.^[19] Diablo 3 pc game download.

Notes[edit]

1. ^'50 Orange lodges take part in Donegal parade'.
2. ^Helen Robinson, 'Remembering War in the Midst of Conflict: First World War Commemorations in the Northern Irish Troubles', 20th Century British History, 21, 1 92010), pp86-7.
3. ^Brian Kennaway, The Orange Order: A Tradition Betrayed, London, 2006, pp. 73–4.
4. ^https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-44794667
5. ^'Future policy on processions etc., First Report of the Joint Working Party on Processions etc. (Final Draft)', December 1970, p. 9, HA/32/2/39, Public Records Office of Northern Ireland.
6. ^'CAIN: Issues: Parades: Drumcree developments'. Cain.ulst.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
7. ^Mulholland P. (1999) Drumcree: A Struggle for Recognition. Irish Journal of Sociology Vol. 9
8. ^Orange Order press release.Archived 4 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
9. ^'Order poll on Catholic 'IRA sympathy'Archived 23 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine. UTV News. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
10. ^'Review of Marches and Parades in Scotland'. Scotland.gov.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
11. ^'Sectarianism in Glasgow - Final Report'. NFO Social Research for Glasgow City Council. January 2003. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
12. ^'Orange parades to be limited in Glasgow city centre'. BBC. 9 December 2010. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
13. ^ ^abTolmie, Andrew (26 June 2005). 'Bigots hijack Orange parade'. Sunday Mirror. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
14. ^'Warning to bigots over Orange Walk behaviour'. Evening Times. 4 July 2008. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
15. ^'Official Loyal Orange Institution of South Australia Facebook Page'.
16. ^Ruth Dudley Edwards, The Faithful Tribe: An Intimate Portrait of the Loyal Institutions, London, 2000, p. 136.
17. ^Jenny, Yuen (9 July 2011). 'Toronto's Orange parade marches through history'. Toronto Sun.
18. ^'Upcoming events'. Grand Orange Lodge of Canada. Retrieved 5 July 2014. Toronto's 194rd Annual Orange Parade Saturday July 12th, 2014
19. ^Administrator, liverpoolecho (11 May 2008). 'Orange Order's Capital of Culture parade'.